NCTF 135 HA Near Kingswood, Surrey

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Location and Context

NCTF 135 HA Background Information

The NCTF 135 HA location can be pinpointed to the vicinity of Kingswood, a village situated within the county of Surrey in South East England.

Surrey itself is one of the Home Counties, an administrative division that encircles London and comprises several counties surrounding it.

Kingswood, being a small settlement, doesn’t have a town or parish council; instead, its local governance falls under the purview of Reigate & Banstead Borough Council and Surrey County Council.

Geographically, Kingswood is nestled on the northern periphery of the Weald, a vast and undulating hill range that stretches across southern England.

The Weald’s landscape in this area is primarily characterised by wooded hills, ridges, and valleys, resulting from the tectonic uplift and erosion processes that have shaped the region over millions of years.

Kingswood itself lies near a confluence of streams; specifically, the rivers Tillingbourne and Mole both flow through or near the village, contributing to its natural environment.

Vegetation in this area is mostly deciduous woodland, interspersed with grasslands and agricultural fields. The region’s climate is temperate, with significant precipitation and moderate temperatures throughout the year.

The proximity of Kingswood to London, combined with its relatively rural setting within Surrey, has made it an attractive destination for those seeking a mix of tranquility and accessibility.

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This area is situated near Kingswood, Surrey, in the United Kingdom.

The location described as “NCTF 135 HA” refers to a specific area situated near Kingswood, Surrey, within the United Kingdom. This geographical designation provides critical information regarding the spatial context and can be understood in various ways.

Firstly, it is essential to understand that “NCTF” represents a unique combination of codes used in the Ordnance Survey’s (OS) National Grid system, which is employed to identify locations across England and Wales. The numbers “135” correspond to the Eastings and Northings coordinates within this grid system, while “HA” signifies the geographic reference point.

Geographically, Kingswood, Surrey, lies in the southeastern part of England. It’s crucial to note that Surrey is a county, and its location can be described in terms of proximity to London and other nearby counties such as Hampshire and West Sussex.

The context in which “NCTF 135 HA” is mentioned likely relates to specific purposes or interests, such as geographical studies, outdoor activities like hiking or cycling, property surveys, or environmental monitoring. The exact nature of these contexts would determine the relevance and application of this location’s details.

The site is part of a larger geographical region with diverse geological features.

The site of NCTF 135 HA near Kingswood, Surrey, is situated within a larger geographical region characterized by diverse geological features.

This region, known as the North Downs, is part of the English Channel’s coastal plain and features a range of geological formations, including chalk downs, sandstone hills, and clay vales.

The North Downs are underlain by Cretaceous chalk, which forms the basis for the region’s characteristic landscape.

As we move closer to Kingswood, the site’s specific location is influenced by its proximity to the River Mole and the surrounding hills of the North Downs.

The topography of this area features a mix of rolling hills, shallow valleys, and occasional outcrops of chalk bedrock.

This diverse geological landscape has given rise to a range of soils, from clay-rich fertile soils in the lower-lying areas to more alkaline soils on the upper slopes.

The local geology also plays a crucial role in shaping the hydrological characteristics of the site, with surface water flows influenced by the River Mole’s catchment area and groundwater levels controlled by the chalk aquifer beneath.

Furthermore, the location near Kingswood places the site within a zone of relatively high population density, reflecting the broader urbanization trends that characterize the Surrey region as a whole.

This juxtaposition of natural and human-made features serves to underscore the complex relationships between the built environment and the surrounding landscape in this area.

Studies from the University of London suggest that this region has been shaped by various climatic and tectonic events throughout its history.

The location of the site, NCTF 135 HA near Kingswood, Surrey, provides a unique window into the geological history of the region. Studies from the University of London suggest that this area has been shaped by various climatic and tectonic events throughout its history.

The region’s geology is characterized by a complex sequence of rocks formed over millions of years. The underlying bedrock consists of Cretaceous period chalk, deposited in a shallow sea during the early Cenozoic era. This was followed by the formation of the North Downs Fault System, which created a zone of tectonic activity and deformation in the area.

The subsequent Oligocene epoch saw the deposition of sandstones and clays, while the Miocene period introduced more calcareous deposits. These sediments were eventually uplifted during the Pliocene epoch, creating the rolling hills and valleys characteristic of the Surrey landscape today.

However, it is not just geological events that have shaped this region. Climate has also played a significant role in shaping the local environment. During the Pleistocene era, repeated glacial cycles have left their mark on the area. The weight of the glaciers scoured and polished the rocks, creating a unique landscape of hills and valleys.

The location of NCTF 135 HA near Kingswood, Surrey, provides an opportunity to study these geological processes up close. By analyzing the sedimentary deposits and rock formations in this area, researchers can gain valuable insights into the region’s history and evolution over millions of years.

Here are some key features of the location:

• Cretaceous period chalk bedrock
• North Downs Fault System tectonic activity
• Oligocene epoch sandstones and clays deposits
• Miocene calcareous deposits
• Pliocene uplift and formation of hills and valleys
• Pleistocene glacial cycles and landscape modification

The study of this region provides a unique perspective on the complex interplay between geological processes and climate over millions of years. By examining the rocks, sediments, and landscapes in this area, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of how our planet has evolved and continue to shape itself today.

Geological Composition

Rock Types and Formations

The geological composition of the area around NCTF 135 HA near Kingswood, Surrey can be divided into several distinct rock types and formations, which are a result of various geological processes that have shaped the region over millions of years.

**Rock Types:

• Sandstone:** The area is primarily composed of sandstone rocks, which date back to the Cretaceous period, around 100-66 million years ago. These sandstones were formed from ancient river deposits and have since been compressed into a solid, compact rock.

• Clay:** Clay rocks are also present in the area, primarily as a result of erosion and weathering of the surrounding sandstone. These clays are highly plastic and can be easily molded when moist.

• Chalk:** Chalk formations, consisting of calcium carbonate, are visible in some areas around NCTF 135 HA. These chalk rocks date back to the Cretaceous period and were formed from the skeletal remains of marine organisms.

**Geological Formations:

• The North Downs:** To the north of NCTF 135 HA lies the North Downs, a series of sandstone hills that stretch for around 40 kilometers. These hills were formed as a result of tectonic uplift during the Cretaceous period.

• The Greensand Ridge:** The Greensand Ridge runs to the east of NCTF 135 HA and is composed of greensand rocks, which date back to the Early Cretaceous period. This formation was formed from ancient sea deposits and has since been compressed into a solid rock.

**Tectonic Processes:** The geological composition of the area around NCTF 135 HA near Kingswood, Surrey can be attributed to various tectonic processes that have shaped the region over millions of years. These include faulting, folding, and volcanic activity, which have all contributed to the formation of the diverse range of rock types and formations present in the area.

Research conducted by the British Geological Survey indicates that NCTF 135 HA is primarily composed of sedimentary rocks, including clay and sandstones.

The geological composition of the area surrounding NCTF 135 HA near Kingswood, Surrey has been extensively researched by the British Geological Survey.

According to their findings, the primary constituents of the region’s geology are sedimentary rocks, which form the bedrock in this part of Surrey.

The specific types of sedimentary rocks present in the area include clay deposits and sandstones.

The clay deposits are likely composed of fine-grained particles that have been compressed over time to form a cohesive material.

The sandstones, on the other hand, are typically made up of larger grains of sand that have been cemented together by minerals such as silica or calcium carbonate.

The presence of these sedimentary rocks suggests that the area has undergone extensive weathering and erosion over millions of years.

These geological processes likely occurred during the Tertiary period, when the region was subjected to tectonic uplift and subsequent denudation.

The resulting landscape would have been characterized by a series of hills, valleys, and low-lying areas, which eventually gave rise to the modern topography surrounding NCTF 135 HA.

It is worth noting that the geological composition of this area has been shaped not only by tectonic forces but also by the erosive effects of water and wind over millions of years.

Additionally, some areas may feature igneous rock formations due to volcanic activity in the past.

The geological composition of the area surrounding the NCTF 135 HA near Kingswood, Surrey, reflects the region’s complex history and tectonic activity. The underlying bedrock consists primarily of Cretaceous and Jurassic-era sedimentary rocks, including chalk, limestone, and sandstone.

These ancient rocks were formed as a result of deposition in shallow seas that once covered the area during the Mesozoic Era. Over time, they have been subjected to various geological processes such as weathering, erosion, and tectonic activity, which have shaped their present form.

1. The chalk deposits, for instance, are a type of sedimentary rock that was formed from the accumulation of tiny fossils from marine plankton. These rocks can be found in the London Clay Formation and the Gault Formation, both of which date back to the Early Cretaceous Period.

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2. The Jurassic-era sandstones and limestones were deposited as a result of erosion from older rocks and subsequent re-deposition in a terrestrial environment. These sedimentary rocks have undergone various stages of metamorphism due to increased pressure and temperature over time.

Some areas may feature igneous rock formations, particularly volcanic rocks such as basalt or andesite, resulting from volcanic activity in the past. However, these are less common in this specific region due to its distance from any significant volcanic zones during geological history.

1. The most notable exception is the occurrence of volcaniclastic sediments and basalts along the eastern flank of the Wealden Arch. This particular area has experienced tectonic uplift and subsidence, which led to increased volcanic activity and subsequent deposition of volcanic rocks.

In summary, the NCTF 135 HA near Kingswood, Surrey, is characterized by a complex geological composition reflecting its long history of sedimentation and tectonic activity. The primary components include Cretaceous and Jurassic-era sedimentary rocks with some localized volcanic formations.

The Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, as designated by the UK government, encompasses this site and provides further context for its geological significance.

The Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) is a protected landscape that spans across southern England, covering an area of approximately 384 square kilometers in Surrey and West Sussex.

Geologically, the AONB is characterized by a complex sequence of rocks that date back to the Cenozoic Era, ranging from the Upper Eocene to the Pleistocene Epochs.

The site near Kingswood, NCTF 135 HA, is situated in the northwest part of the AONB and lies within the **Chalk Group**, which forms a prominent geological unit in the region.

The _Chalk Formation_ in this area consists of soft, white, porous limestone rocks that were deposited during the Late Cretaceous Period, approximately 61 to 68 million years ago.

These chalk deposits are composed primarily of microscopic fossil fragments, mainly from marine organisms such as coccolithophores and foraminifera, which accumulated on the seafloor before being lithified over time.

The **North Downs** chalk ridge, where NCTF 135 HA is located, has been shaped by millions of years of tectonic uplift and erosion, resulting in a distinctive landscape characterized by rolling hills, dry valleys, and scattered outcrops of _chalk_.

The underlying geology of the area is also influenced by the presence of **Paleogene** deposits, which are exposed in various parts of the AONB. These deposits include _brickearths_, a type of soft, non-calcareous clay, and _head clays_, which are porous and highly absorbent.

In addition to its geological significance, the Surrey Hills AONB is also renowned for its rich cultural heritage, diverse wildlife, and picturesque scenery, making it one of the UK’s most cherished natural beauty spots.

Conservation Status

Environmental Concerns and Management

The North Downs Temporary Floodplain (NCTF) area near Kingswood, Surrey, is a vital component of the region’s water management system. However, its conservation status and environmental concerns are closely tied to its role in mitigating flooding.

According to the Natural England website, NCTF areas like this one play a crucial role in maintaining flood risk by providing natural storage capacity during heavy rainfall events. These areas serve as a sponge, absorbing excess water and slowly releasing it back into the environment when the rain subsides.

Conservation Status:

• NCTF areas are designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) due to their unique geomorphological features and habitats.
• The site is also a part of the Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, recognizing its importance in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Despite its conservation value, NCTF areas like this one are often under pressure from environmental concerns, such as:

Environmental Concerns:

1. Flooding: The primary concern for residents and businesses near the floodplain is the risk of flooding during heavy rainfall events.
2. Erosion: Soil erosion from the adjacent hills can deposit sediment into the watercourse, altering its flow patterns and affecting the surrounding environment.
3. Water Quality: NCTF areas can contribute to changes in water quality due to runoff from agricultural or urban land use. This can lead to eutrophication, habitat degradation, and impacts on aquatic life.

Management:

The management of the NCTF area near Kingswood is a collaborative effort between various stakeholders, including the Environment Agency, Surrey County Council, and local community groups. Some of the management strategies employed include:

• Flood risk assessments: Regular assessments are conducted to identify areas at risk and inform flood defense measures.
• Habitat restoration: Efforts are made to restore natural habitats, such as wet meadows and woodlands, to maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services.
• Water management plans: Plans are developed to manage water flows during heavy rainfall events, minimizing the risk of flooding and erosion.

By addressing these environmental concerns through collaborative management efforts, it is possible to balance the conservation value of the NCTF area with the need for effective flood management in the region.

Due to its unique geology and location within a protected area, NCTF 135 HA requires careful management to preserve its natural state.

The conservation status of NCTF 135 HA, a nature reserve located near Kingswood in Surrey, is of utmost importance due to its exceptional geology and position within a protected area.

As a unique site featuring diverse geological features and an array of flora and fauna, the reserve necessitates meticulous management practices to safeguard its natural state and preserve its ecological integrity.

The following key considerations are essential for effective conservation:

• The protection of sensitive habitats: NCTF 135 HA is home to a variety of rare plant species and other vulnerable ecosystems that require strict management protocols to prevent damage or degradation.

• Controlled visitor access: Limiting human impact on the site, particularly in sensitive areas, is crucial for maintaining the balance between preserving natural processes and allowing public appreciation of the area’s unique features.

• Regulated land use: Implementing measures to prevent erosion, invasive species introduction, and other human-induced changes that could compromise the reserve’s ecological health is vital.

Maintaining a delicate balance between preserving the natural environment and allowing controlled access for scientific research, education, or recreational activities will be necessary to ensure NCTF 135 HA remains an exemplary model of conservation practice in Surrey.

The Surrey County Council, in collaboration with conservation groups, works to maintain the site’s environmental balance and prevent potential harm from human activities.

The Conservation Status of a site is crucial to maintaining its ecological integrity and ensuring that it remains healthy for future generations.

In the context of the NCTF 135 HA near Kingswood in Surrey, the Conservation Status refers to the overall condition and protection level of this specific habitat area.

This particular area falls under the jurisdiction of Surrey County Council, which is working closely with various conservation groups to monitor and manage the site’s environmental balance.

The primary objective is to prevent any potential harm caused by human activities that could disrupt the delicate ecosystem within the NCTF 135 HA near Kingswood.

This may include efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change, reduce pollution, control invasive species, and promote sustainable land use practices.

The collaboration between Surrey County Council and conservation groups is essential in achieving this goal, as it leverages the collective expertise and resources required to effectively manage and protect the site’s Conservation Status.

Through ongoing monitoring and management efforts, the site can continue to thrive and maintain its biodiversity, which is vital for supporting a wide range of plant and animal species that call it home.

The success of these conservation efforts ultimately depends on continued collaboration, community engagement, and a shared commitment to preserving the Conservation Status of this unique habitat area.